Satellites naturels de Saturne - Définition

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Dénomination

Les noms modernes pour les lunes de Saturne ont été suggérés par John Herschel en 1847 . Il a proposé de leur donner le nom des personnages mythologiques associés au dieu romain de l'agriculture et la récolte, Saturne (assimilé au titan grec Cronos). En particulier, les sept satellites alors connus ont été nommés d'après les Titans et les Titanides. En 1848, Lassell a proposé que le huitième satellite de Saturne soit nommé Hyperion, nom d'un autre Titan. Lorsque les noms des Titans furent épuisés, les lunes ont été nommées d'après les différents personnages de la mythologie gréco-romaine ou des géants d'autres mythologies. Toutes les lunes irrégulières (sauf Phoebe) sont nommées d'après des dieux Inuits et celtiques et d'après les géants de la mythologie nordique.

Liste

Note : Les satellites de Saturne sont classés ici par période orbitale croissante. Les satellites suffisamment massifs pour que leur surface ait formé un sphéroïde sont en gras. Les satellites irréguliers sont en rouge, orange ou gris.

Key

Satellites majeurs

Titan

Groupe Inuit

Groupe celte

Groupe nordique
Ordre

Label

Nom
Image Diametre (km)
Masse
(1018 kg)
Demi-grand axe (km)
Période orbitale (j)

Inclinaison (°)

Excentricité
Position Année de
découverte
Découvreur

0 PIA11665 moonlet in B Ring.jpg ≈ 0.3 <0.0000001 ≈ 117,000 ≈ 0.47 ≈ 0° ≈ 0 Division de Cassini 2009 Cassini–Huygens
1 XVIII Pan A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body. 28.4 ± 2.6
(35×32×21)
0.00495±0.00075 133,584 +0.57505 0.001° 0.000035 Division d'Encke 1990 M. Showalter
2 XXXV Daphnis Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen. 7.8 ± 1.6
(9×9×6)
0.000084±0.000012 136,505 +0.59408 ≈ 0° ≈ 0 Lacune de Keeler 2005 Cassini–Huygens
3 XV Atlas An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom. The body, which looks like a cone viewed from the vertex, is elongated in the direction perpendicular to the image. 30.2 ± 2.8
(42×36×18)
0.0066 ± 0.00006 137,670 +0.60169 0.003° 0.0012 Anneau A (berger externe) 1980 Voyager 2
4 XVI Prométhée An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top. 86.2 ± 5.4
(123×79×61)
0.1566 ± 0.0019 139,380 +0.61299 0.008° 0.0022 Anneau F (berger interne) 1980 Voyager 2
5 XVII Pandore An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right. The surface is covered by numerous craters. 80.6 ± 4.4
(103×80×64)
0.1356 ± 0.0022 141,720 +0.62850 0.050° 0.0042 Anneau F (berger externe) 1980 Voyager 2
6a XI Epimethée A fully illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. One vertex with a large crater is at the right side of the image pointing towards the light source. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters. 113.4 ± 3.8
(116×117×106)
0.53040±0.00193 151,422 +0.69433 0.335° 0.0098 Co-orbital avec Janus 1977 J. Fountain, and S. Larson
6b X Janus An irregular body, whose outline looks like an approximate circle in this image. It is illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top-left to bottom-right. The surface is covered by craters. 179.2 ± 4
(195×194×152)
1.912 ± 0.005 151,472 +0.69466 0.165° 0.0068 Co-orbital avec Épiméthée 1966 A. Dollfus
8 LIII Égéon There images of a ring's segment are stacked together from the right to left. They shows motion of a moon along the ring. ≈ 0.5 ~0.0000001 167,500 +0.80812 0.001° 0.0002 Dans l'anneau G 2008 Cassini–Huygens
9 I Mimas A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters. 396.4 ± 1.0
(415×394×381)
37.493 ± 0.031 185,404 +0.942422 1.566° 0.0202   1789 W. Herschel
10 XXXII Methone A dot in the glare of Saturn 3.2 ± 1.2 ~0.00002 194,440 +1.00957 0.007° 0.0001   2004 Cassini–Huygens
11 XLIX Anthée An animated image showing as a dot (right) moves around Saturn (left) outside the main rings (in the middle), which are viewed from a relatively low angle. ≈ 2 ~0.000007 197,700 +1.03650 0.1° 0.001   2007 Cassini–Huygens
12 XXXIII Pallene A dot in the glare of Saturn 4.4 ± 0.6
(5×4×4)
~0.00005 212,280 +1.15375 0.181° 0.0040   2004 Cassini–Huygens
13 II Encelade A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas. The areas to the left and at the bottom have few craters and are intersected by lots of sinuous greenish grooves. The four prominent grooves at the bottom are Tiger stripes. 504.2 ± 0.4
(513×503×497)
108.022 ± 0.101 237,950 +1.370218 0.010° 0.0047 Anneau E 1789 W. Herschel
14 III Tethys A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma. 1,066 ± 2.8
(1081×1062×1055)
617.049 ± 0.132 294,619 +1.887802 0.168° 0.0001   1684 G. Cassini
14a XIII Telesto A potato shaped body is illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom. There is a large crater at the bottom near the terminator. The body is elongated from the right to left. 24.8 ± 0.8
(31×24×21)
~0.00941 294,619 +1.887802 1.158° 0.000 Point de Lagrange avant de Téthys 1980 B. Smith, H. Reitsema, S. Larson, and J. Fountain
14b XIV Calypso An oblong reddish body is seen in this low resolution image. 21.2 ± 1.4
(30×23×14)
~0.0063 294,619 +1.887802 1.473° 0.000 Point de Lagrange arrière de Téthys 1980 D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum, and D. Currie
17 IV Dione A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. The central part of the body is smooth and has only a few craters. A heavily cratered terrain is near the right limb. A part of a large crater is intersected by the terminator in the lower-left corner. To the left of it there is a long crack running parallel to the terminator. 1,123.4 ± 1.8
(1128×1122×1121)
1,095.452 ± 0.168 377,396 +2.736915 0.002° 0.0022   1684 G. Cassini
17a XII Helene An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters. 33 ± 1.2
(39×37×25)
~0.02446 377,396 +2.736915 0.212° 0.0022 Point de Lagrange avant de Dioné 1980 P. Laques and J. Lecacheux
17b XXXIV Pollux An small oblong body is barely resolved in this image. 2.6 ± 0.8
(3×2×1)
~0.00003 377,396 +2.736915 0.177° 0.0192 Point de Lagrange arrière de Dioné 2004 Cassini–Huygens
20 V Rhea A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one. 1,528.6 ± 4.4
(1534×1525×1526)
2,306.518 ± 0.353 527,108 +4.518212 0.327° 0.001258   1672 G. Cassini
21 VI Titan An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere. 5,151 134,520 ± 20 1,221,930 +15.94542 0.3485° 0.0288   1655 C. Huygens
22 VII †Hyperion An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese. 266 ± 8
(328×260×214)
5.584 ± 0.068 1,481,010 +21.27661 0.568° 0.123006 En résonance orbitale 3:4 avec Titan 1848 W. Bond
G. Bond
W. Lassell
23 VIII Japet 1,471.2 ± 6.0
(1495×1498×1425)
1,805.635 ± 0.375 3,560,820 +79.3215 7.570° 0.028613   1671 G. Cassini
24 XXIV ‡Kiviuq ≈ 16 ~0.00279 11,294,800 +448.16 49.087° 0.3288 Groupe Inuit 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
25 XXII ‡Ijiraq ≈ 12 ~0.00118 11,355,316 +451.77 50.212° 0.3161 Groupe Inuit 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
26 IX ♣†Phoebe An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom. 214.4 ± 12.4
(230×220×210)
8.292 ± 0.010 12,869,700 −545.09 173.047° 0.156242 Groupe nordique 1899 W. Pickering
27 XX ‡Paaliaq ≈ 22 ~0.00725 15,103,400 +692.98 46.151° 0.3631 Groupe Inuit 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
28 XXVII ♣Skathi ≈ 8 ~0.00035 15,672,500 −732.52 149.084° 0.246 Groupe nordique 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
29 XXVI ♦Albiorix ≈ 32 ~0.0223 16,266,700 +774.58 38.042° 0.477 Groupe celte 2000 M. Holman
30 ≈ 6 ~0.00015 16,560,000 −792.96 176.68° 0.2418 Groupe nordique 2007 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden
31 XXXVII ♦Bebhionn ≈ 6 ~0.00015 17,153,520 +838.77 40.484° 0.333 Groupe celte 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
32 XXVIII ♦Erriapus ≈ 10 ~0.00068 17,236,900 +844.89 38.109° 0.4724 Groupe celte 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
33 XLVII ♣Skoll ≈ 6 ~0.00015 17,473,800 −862.37 155.624° 0.418 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
34 XXIX ‡Siarnaq ≈ 40 ~0.0435 17,776,600 +884.88 45.798° 0.24961 Groupe Inuit 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
35 LII ‡Tarqeq ≈ 7 ~0.00023 17,910,600 +894.86 49.904° 0.1081 Groupe Inuit 2007 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
36 ≈ 6 ~0.00015 18,056,300 −905.85 167.379° 0.261 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
37 LI ♣Greip ≈ 6 ~0.00015 18,065,700 −906.56 172.666° 0.3735 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
38 XLIV ♣Hyrrokkin ≈ 8 ~0.00035 18,168,300 −914.29 153.272° 0.3604 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
39 L ♣Jarnsaxa ≈ 6 ~0.00015 18,556,900 −943.78 162.861° 0.1918 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
40 XXI ♦Tarvos ≈ 15 ~0.0023 18,562,800 +944.23 34.679° 0.5305 Groupe celte 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
41 XXV ♣Mundilfari ≈ 7 ~0.00023 18,725,800 −956.70 169.378° 0.198 Groupe nordique 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
42 ≈ 6 ~0.00015 18,930,200 −972.41 154.232° 0.1303 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
43 ≈ 4 ~0.00005 19,099,200 −985.45 166.881° 0.226 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
44 XXXVIII ♣Bergelmir ≈ 6 ~0.00015 19,104,000 −985.83 157.384° 0.152 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
45 XXXI ♣Narvi ≈ 7 ~0.00023 19,395,200 −1,008.45 137.292° 0.320 Groupe nordique 2003 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
46 XXIII ♣Suttungr ≈ 7 ~0.00023 19,579,000 −1,022.82 174.321° 0.131 Groupe nordique 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
47 XLIII ♣Hati ≈ 6 ~0.00015 19,709,300 −1,033.05 163.131° 0.291 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
48 ≈ 5 ~0.00009 19,905,900 −1,048.54 164.042° 0.396 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
49 XL ♣Farbauti ≈ 5 ~0.00009 19,984,800 −1,054.78 158.361° 0.209 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
50 XXX ♣Thrymr ≈ 7 ~0.00023 20,278,100 −1,078.09 174.524° 0.453 Groupe nordique 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
51 XXXVI ♣Aegir ≈ 6 ~0.00015 20,482,900 −1,094.46 167.425° 0.237 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
52 ≈ 5 ~0.00009 20,518,500 ≈ −1,100 177.22° 0.130 Groupe nordique 2007 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
53 XXXIX ♣Bestla ≈ 7 ~0.00023 20,570,000 −1,101.45 147.395° 0.77 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
54 ≈ 6 ~0.00015 20,576,700 −1,101.99 165.596° 0.5299 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
55 ≈ 6 ~0.00015 21,076,300 −1,142.37 150.817° 0.4710 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
56 XLI ♣Fenrir ≈ 4 ~0.00005 21,930,644 −1,212.53 162.832° 0.131 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
57 XLVIII ♣Surtur ≈ 6 ~0.00015 22,288,916 −1,242.36 166.918° 0.3680 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
58 XLV ♣Kari ≈ 7 ~0.00023 22,321,200 −1,245.06 148.384° 0.3405 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
59 XIX ♣Ymir ≈ 18 ~0.00397 22,429,673 −1,254.15 172.143° 0.3349 Groupe nordique 2000 B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.
60 XLVI ♣Loge ≈ 6 ~0.00015 22,984,322 −1,300.95 166.539° 0.1390 Groupe nordique 2006 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
61 XLII ♣Fornjot ≈ 6 ~0.00015 24,504,879 −1,432.16 167.886° 0.186 Groupe nordique 2004 S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna
  1. L'ordre indique la position parmi les lunes dans l'ordre croissant de distance à Saturne.
  2. Le label indique le chiffre romain attribué à chaque satellite par ordre de découverte. Les 9 lunes découvertes avant 1900 ont été numérotées par ordre de distance de Saturne
  3. Les périodes orbitales négatives indiquent un mouvement rétrograde autour de Saturne(opposée à la rotation de la planète).
  4. Par rapport à l'équateur de Saturne

Non confirmées

Les objets suivants (observés par Cassini) n'ont pas été confirmés comme des corps solides. Il n'est pas encore clair si ces satellites sont réels ou simplement des amas persistants au sein de l'anneau F.

Nom Image Diamètre (km) Demi grand axe (km) Période orbitale (j) Position Année de découverte
S/2004 S 6 A bright narrow band runs from the top to bottom. To the right of it in the diffuse halo the is a bright small object. ≈ 3–5 ≈ 140,130 +0.61801 Présence incertaines dans l'anneau F 2004
S/2004 S 3/S 4 A segment of the ring with bright overexposed Saturn in the top-left corner. Near the right edge of the ring there is a bright dot. ≈ 3−5 ≈ 140,300 ≈ +0.619 2004
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